THE BANKERS' BOOK EVIDENCE ACT, 1891

1[(1) Company means any company means any company as defined in Sec. 3 of the Companies Act, 1956 and includes a foreign company within these meaning, of Sec. 591 of that Act;

(1-A) “Corporation” means any body corporate established by any law for the time being in force in India and includes the Reserve Bank of India and any subsidiary banks as defined in the State Bank of India and any subsidiary bank as defined in the State Bank of India (Subsidiary 'Banks) Act, 1959 (38 of 1959;)

(2) “Bank” and “banker” mean-

(a) Any company or corporation carrying on the business of banking;)

(b) Any partnership or individual to whose books the provisions of the Act shall have been extended as hereinafter provided;

(3) “Bankers’ books” include ledgers, day-books, cash-books, account-books and all other books used in the ordinary business of a bank whether kept in the written form or as ³printouts of data stored in a floppy, disc, tape or any other form of electromagnetic data storage device

2(4) “Legal proceedings” means, -

(i) Any proceeding or inquiry in which evidence is or any be given;

(ii) An arbitration; and

(iii) Any investigation or inquiry under the Code of Criminal Procedure. 1973 (2 of 1974), or under any other law for the time being in force for the collection of evidence, conducted by a police officer or by other person (not being a Magistrate) authorised in this behalf by Magistrate or by a magistrate or by any law for the time being in force:)

(5) “The Court” means the person or persons before whom a legal proceeding is held or taken;

(6) “Judge” means a Judge of a High Court,

(7) “Trial” means the person or persons before whom-n a legal proceeding is held or taken; and

(8) “Certified copy” means when the books of a bank, -

(a) Are maintained in written form, a copy of any entry in such books together with a certificate written at the foot of such copy that it is a true copy of such entry, that such entry is contained in one of the ordinary books of the bank and was made in the usual and ordinary course of business and that such book is still in the custody of the bank, and where the copy was obtained by a mechanical or other process which in itself ensured the accuracy of the copy, a further certificate to that effect, but where the book from which such copy was prepared has been destroyed in the usual course of the bank's business after the date on which the copy had been so prepared, a further certificate to that effect, each such certificate being dated and subscribed by the principal accountant or manager of the bank with his name and official title; and

³(b) Consist of printouts of data stored in a floppy, disc, tape or any other electromagnetic data storage device, a printout of such entry or a copy of such printout together with such statements certified in accordance with the provisions of section 2A.’

1. Subs. by Act No. 56 of 1962.

2. Subs. by Act I of 1984, (w.e.f., 15-12-1984).

3. Ins. by Information Technology Act, 2000 (Sch. 3) W.E.F. 17-10-2000.

¹“2A. Conditions in the printout. -A printout of entry or a copy of printout referred to in sub-section (8) of section 2 shall be accompanied by the following, namely: -

(a) A certificate to the effect that it is a printout of such entry or a copy of such printout by the principal accountant or branch manager; and

(b) A certificate by a person in-charge of computer system containing a brief description of the computer system and the particulars of-

(A) The safeguards adopted by the system to ensure that data is entered or any other operation performed only by authorised persons;

(B) The safeguards adopted to prevent and detect unauthorized change of data;

(D) The manner in which data is transferred from the system to removable media like floppies, discs, tapes or other electromagnetic data storage devices;

(E) The mode of verification in order to ensure that data has been

Accurately transferred to such removable media;

(F) The anode of identification of such data storage devices;

(G) The arrangements for the storage and custody of such storage devices;

(H) The safeguards to prevent and detect any tampering with the system; and

(I) Any other factor, which will vouch for the integrity and accuracy of the system.

(c) A further certificate from the person in-charge of the computer system to the effect that to the best of his knowledge and belief, such computer system operated properly at the material time, he was provided with all the relevant data and the printout in question represents correctly, or is appropriately derived from, the relevant data.”

1. Ins. by Information Technology Act, 2000 (Sch. 3) W.E.F. 17-10-2000.

3. Power to extend provisions of Act. -The State Government may, front time to time, by notification in the official Gazette extend the provisions of this Act to the to the books of any partnership or individual carrying on the business of bankers within the territories under its administration, and keeping a set of not less than three ordinary account-books, namely, a cash-book, a day-book or journal, and ledger, and may in like manner rescind any such notification.

4. Mode of proof of entries in bankers' books-Subject to the provisions of this Act, a certified copy of any entry in a bankers' book shall in all legal proceedings he received as prima facie evidence of the existence of such entry, and shall be admitted as evidence of the matters, transactions and accounts therein recorded in every cases where, and to the same extent as, the original entry itself is now by law admissible, but not further or otherwise.

5. Case in which officer of bank not compellable to produce books-. No officer of a bank shall in any legal proceeding to which the bank in not a party be compellable to produce any banker book the contents of which can be proved under this act, or to appear as a witness to prove the matters, transactions and accounts therein recorded, unless by order of the Court or a Judge made for special cause.

6. Inspection of books by order of Court or judge. -

(1) On the application of any party a legal proceeding the Court or a Judge may order that such party be at liberty to inspect and take copies of any entries in a banker book for any of the produce any banker book for any of the purpose of such proceeding, or may order the bank to prepar and produce, within a time to be specified in the order, certified copies of all Such entries, accompanied by a further certificate that no other entries are to be found in the books of the bank relevant to the matters in issues in such proceeding, and such further certificate shall be dated and subscribed in manner hereinbefore directed in reference to certified copies.

(2) An order under this or the preceding section maybe made either with or without summoning the bank three clear days (exclusive of bank holidays before the same is to be obeyed, unless the Court or Judge shall otherwise direct.

(3) The bank may at any time before the time or without summoning the bank three clear days (exclusive of bank holidays) before the same is to be obeyed, unless the Court or Judge shall otherwise direct.

7. Costs. -

(1) The costs of any application to the Court or a Judge under or for the purposes of this Act and the costs of anything done or the be done under an order of the Court or a Judge made under or for the purposes of this Act shall not be in the discretion of the Court or Judges, who may further order such costs or any part thereof to be paid to any party by the bank if they have been incurred in consequence of any fault or improper delay on the part of the bank.

(2) Any order make under this section for the payment of costs to or by a bank may be enforced as if the bank were a party to the proceeding.

(3) Any order under this section awarding costs may, on application to any Court of Civil Judicature designated in the order, be executed by such Court as if the order were a decree for money passed by itself:

Provided that nothing in this subsection shall be construed to derogate from any power which the Court or Judge making the order may possess for the enforcement of its or his directions with respect to the payment of costs.

1[8. Order of court to be construed to be order made by specified officer-In the application of Sees. 5, 6 and 7 to any investigation or inquiry referred to in sub-clause (iii) of clause (4) of Sec. 2, the orders of a court or a Judge referred to in the said sections shall be construed as referring to an order made by an officer of a rank not lower than the rank of a Superintendent of Police as may be specified in this behalf by the appropriate Government.

Explanation. -In this section, “appropriate Government” means the Government by which the police officer or any other person conducting the investigation or inquiry is employed.]

1. Inserted by Act 1 of 1984, (w.e.f. 15-2-1984)